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Stainless Steel 321 | SS 321 Stainless Steel | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321S31 | SUS 321 | S32100

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We are the Stainless Steel 321 Supplier Thailand. SUS321 and SUS347 are the basic austenitic 18/8 steel (Grade 304) stabilised by Titanium (321) or Niobium (347) additions. Grade 321 is the grade of choice for applications in the temperature range of up to about 900°C, combining high strength, resistance to scaling and phase stability with resistance to subsequent aqueous corrosion.

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E Steel Sdn Bhd - A Leading Supplier of Stainless Steel SUS321

Stainless Steel 321 (or known as SS321)

Chemical Formula :

Fe, <0.08% | C, 17-19% | Cr, 9-12% | Ni, <2% | Mn, <1% | Si, 0.3-0.7% | Ti, <0.045% | P, <0.03% | S

----------Background :

Grades 321 and 347 are the basic austenitic 18/8 steel (Grade 304) stabilised by Titanium (321) or Niobium (347) additions. These grades are used because they are not sensitive to intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425-850°C. Grade 321 is the grade of choice for applications in the temperature range of up to about 900°C, combining high strength, resistance to scaling and phase stability with resistance to subsequent aqueous corrosion.

Grade 321H is a modification of 321 with higher carbon content, to provide improved high-temperature strength.

A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high-temperature arc, so is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred – the niobium performs the same carbide stabilisation task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is, therefore, the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade 347 is only occasionally used as parent plate material.

Like other austenitic grades, 321 and 347 have excellent forming and welding characteristics, are readily brake or roll formed and have outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required. They also have excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures. Grade 321 does not polish well, so is not recommended for decorative applications.

Grade 304L is more readily available in most product forms, and so is generally used in preference to 321 if the requirement is simply for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. However, 304L has lower hot strength than 321 and so is not the best choice if the requirement is resistance to an operating environment over about 500°C.

---------- Mechanical Properties :

GradeTensile Strength (MPa) minYield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) minElongation (% in 50mm) minHardness
Rockwell B (HR B) maxBrinell (HB) max
3215152054095217
321H5152054095217
3475152054092201
321H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.


Physical Properties :

GradeDensity (kg/m3)Elastic Modulus (GPa)Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (mm/m/°C)Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K)Specific Heat 0-100°C (J/kg.K)Electrical Resistivity (nW.m)
0-100°C0-315°C0-538°Cat 100°Cat 500°C
321802719316.617.218.616.122.2500720


Grade Specification Comparison :

GradeUNS NoOld BritishEuronormSwedish SSJapanese JISnull
BSEnNoNamenull
321S32100321S3158B, 58C1.4541X6CrNiTi18-102337SUS 321
321HS32109321S511.4878X10CrNiTi18-10SUS 321H
347S34700347S3158G1.4550X6CrNiNb18-102338SUS 347

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Possible Alternative Grades :

GradeWhy it might be chosen instead of 321
304LThe requirement is for resistance to intergranular corrosion, not for high temperature strength
3CR12Only mild “high temperature” environment is present… up to about 600°C.
304HOnly mild “high temperature” environment is present… up to about 800°C.
310The temperature of the operating environment is up to about 1100°C – too high for 321 or 321H.
S30815(253MA)The temperature of the operating environment is up to about 1150°C- too high for 321 or 321H.


Corrosion Resistance :

Equivalent to Grade 304 in the annealed condition, and superior if a weldment in these grades has not been post-weld annealed or if the application involves service in the 425-900°C range. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 60°C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 200mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 150mg/L at 60°C.

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Heat Resistance :

Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 900°C and in continuous service to 925°C. These grades perform well in the 425-900°C range, and particularly where subsequent aqueous corrosive conditions are present. 321H has higher hot strength and is particularly suitable for high-temperature structural applications.

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Heat Treatment :

Solution Treatment (Annealing) – heat to 950-1120°C and cool rapidly for maximum corrosion resistance.

Stabilising – heat to 870-900°C for 1 hour per 25mm of thickness and air cool. Stabilisation is recommended for most severe service conditions (above 425°C) and particularly for material annealed at the upper side of the annealing temperature range.

Stress Relief – Heat to 700°C for 1 to 2 hours and air cool.

These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.

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Welding :

Excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without filler metals. AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 321 and 347 with Grade 347 rods or electrodes; high silicon version of 347 is also pre-qualified for welding of 321.

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